Hemorrhoidectomy is a surgical procedure to reduce internal hemorrhoids of third degree and fourth degree, when other methods fail to heal them, in other words, the pain, irritation, swelling and bleeding remains. In some cases hemorrhoidectomy is also recommended for external hemorrhoids, which have been failed to be treated with the correct procedure.
Hemorrhoidectomy is a quite simple operation and can be carried out under local, spinal or general anesthesia. According to the patients' condition, the extent of the operation and the patients' preference, the doctors will choose the right type of anesthesia for the surgery. Local anesthesia is a numbing agent which is injected into the immediate area; spinal anesthesia will numb the patient from the pelvis down and general anesthesia will make the patient into unconsciousness.
Normally tests are taken before the surgery is carried out, depending on the patients physical health these test include an x-ray of the chest, urine and blood samples and also aspirin to thin the blood. Mostly the doctor will recommend that the patient refrains from eating or drinking from the night before the surgery to prevent the risk of vomiting during or after the surgery is done.
The process for this surgery is a very simple one and when all the necessary groundwork have been made the surgery will take from one hour to one hour and a half. The patient is placed face down on the operating table with the buttocks slightly raised and the legs placed in stirrups, thus the anus and rectum are exposed. Once the anesthesia has become effective the hemorrhoid will be tied to prevent it from bleeding and finally taken off.
Once the surgery is over the patient will be placed in recovery until the anesthesia wears off and the patient can urinate, this is to make sure that swelling in the tissues does not occur and cause the inability to urinate. If the patient has recovered, he or she can return home the same day, basically, as an outpatient. On rare instances, if there are any problems with the surgery, the patient will have to be kept under observation.
Pain and bleeding after the surgery is to be expected and because of this the doctor is likely to prescribe the patient with some medicine. It is also usual to bleed when moving bowels, especially directly after the surgery and it is usually recommended to take some numbing medicine before trying to move bowels. Consuming antibiotics after the operation will prevent any infections that might occur.
It is advised by doctors to take special care after surgery to prevent any unnecessary pain and discomfort. Trying to soften stools by eating a high fiber diet will relieve strain when moving stools, taking stool softeners is also a great idea. Taking baths in warm water will help loosen up muscles and ease pain as well.
Just like any type of surgery there can be risks and troubles in both early and late stages. In early stages after the surgery the problems may include constipation, hematoma (collection of blood in the surgical area) incontinence, infection and bleeding. In later stages after surgery problems can include rectal prolapse, a narrowing of the anal canal and also the reappearance of hemorrhoids. If these symptoms occur, it is best to seek medical advice immediately.
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